Ikhtisar Clean Architecture

Fondasi pengembangan aplikasi yang scalable, mudah dirawat, dan mudah diintegrasikan dengan berbagai teknologi.

Prinsip

Separation of concerns: Pisahkan logika bisnis, presentasi, dan data.
Dependency inversion: Layer atas tidak bergantung pada detail layer bawah.
Testability: Setiap bagian mudah di-test secara terpisah.
Independence: Framework, UI, dan database bisa diganti tanpa mengubah domain.

Lapisan

Core (Application): Core (Application): Berisi business logic murni, entity, value object, dan use case. Tidak bergantung pada framework atau library eksternal.
Infrastructure (Infra Adapters): Infrastructure (Infra Adapters): Detail teknis seperti database, framework, third-party service. Implementasi adapter dan komunikasi eksternal.
Components: Components: UI Components, controller, presenter, dan adapter untuk interaksi user. Semua komponen UI diletakkan di direktori components agar mudah integrasi dengan library lain seperti shadcn.

Port & Adapter

Port: Repository Port
Adapter: Repository Adapter (misal: Prisma, MongoDB, REST API)
Dependency: Core → Port → Infra Adapter → Infrastructure
Port: Controller Port
Adapter: Controller Adapter (misal: Next.js API Route, Express)
Dependency: Components → Adapter → Infrastructure

Contoh Struktur Project

src/
├── core/                  // Entity, Value Object, Use Case, Service
├── infrastructure/        // Infra Adapters, DB, API, External Service
├── components/            // UI Components (Next.js, React, shadcn, dsb)
├── types/                 // Shared Types
└── ...                    // File lain sesuai kebutuhan

Interface & Dependency Injection

Untuk menghubungkan interface dari domain ke infrastructure, gunakan dependency injection (IoC container). Domain hanya mendefinisikan interface (misal UserRepository), sedangkan implementasi detail (misal PrismaUserRepository) ada di infrastructure.

Domain: Mendefinisikan interface/abstraction.
Infrastructure: Mengimplementasikan interface tersebut.
IoC Container: Melakukan binding antara interface dan implementasi saat aplikasi berjalan.

Contoh binding dengan inversify:

// core/user/UserRepository.ts
export interface UserRepository {
  findById(id: string): Promise<User>;
}

// infrastructure/user/PrismaUserRepository.ts
import { injectable } from "inversify";
import { UserRepository } from "../../core/user/UserRepository";
@injectable()
export class PrismaUserRepository implements UserRepository {
  // implementasi detail
}

// infrastructure/ioc/container.ts
import "reflect-metadata";
import { Container } from "inversify";
import { UserRepository } from "../../core/user/UserRepository";
import { PrismaUserRepository } from "../user/PrismaUserRepository";

const TYPES = {
  UserRepository: Symbol.for("UserRepository"),
};

const container = new Container();
container.bind<UserRepository>(TYPES.UserRepository).to(PrismaUserRepository);

export { container, TYPES };